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Ayahuasca intoxication


Web link: linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/...

Pages: 136 - 137

Abstract

The possibility of overdose in relation to oral consumption (infusion) is low due to the serotonergic stimulation of the vagal routes, which cause vomiting and diarrhoea. The bioavailability increases if smoked or inhaled, increasing the potential for intoxication. A recent review carried out in the USA 3 analysed all the episodes of exposure to Ayahuasca registered with the American Association of Toxic Substances Control Centres and the National Toxic Substances Database between 2005 and 2015. The results showed that 17% of patients required admission to the ICU and 11% required treatment in a semi-intensive care unit. Rates of 5% were recorded for mechanical ventilation and 1% for respiratory and cardiac arrest. In 2005, the case of a 25-year-old patient who died of Ayahuasca intoxication was diagnosed postmortem after identifying DMT in blood and urine samples by mass spectrometry.4 The risk of developing psychiatric disorders in relation to consumption increases in patients with a personal and family history of mental illness or psychosis. In addition to its recreational use, several studies have been conducted in recent years on its therapeutic use, mainly based on its serotonergic effects. A systematic review was carried out in 2016 5 on the therapeutic properties of Ayahuasca, psilocybin and LSD. It concluded that these substances could be a tool in the treatment of drug dependence, anxiety and mood disorders, especially in patients with resistance to conventional treatments. However, these clinical trials were not adequately designed, which limited the extrapolation of results. Nevertheless, they do encourage further research into these potential uses.