Does the Plaincourault mushroom-tree represent Amanita muscaria ? This question is inappropriately phrased. A more appropriate question concerning this painting, as well as the other mushroom-tree representations in Christian art, is: did the unknown painter of this fresco intend deliberately to represent fly-agaric as a second (esoteric) message in the scene of Temptation, or did he unconsciously repeat an iconographic scheme of the Temptation scene, without recognising its features, oor, more preciselly, the possible fungal meaning ? This question justify the need for a serious ethnomycological approach to Christian culture in the Middle Ages.