Since the oldest civilizations reported the use of psychoactive plants in rituals, with the main objective of contacting the spiritual world in search of knowledge and healing of diseases, ayahuasca is a tea prepared from the cooking of two plant species native to the Amazon rainforest: the Banisteriopsis caapi Morton liana of the Malpighiaceae family, which has beta-carbolinic derivatives: harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine; and the leaves of the shrub Psychotria viridis Ruíz & Pavón, containing a tryptamine derivative of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). There is even a smaller scale, the use of several other plants in the preparation of tea. Ayahuasca is used in rituals by several indigenous tribes of the Amazon basin, the contact of non-indigenous populations with drinking in Brazil resulted in religions using tea in their regulated rituals through CONAD Resolution No 4 (current National Secretary of Anti-Drugs) of 4 November 2004, these groups have fans in several Brazilian States and abroad. Due to the growing expansion in drinking consumption, if the development of methods of cultivation of species used in preparation outside the Amazon region, where a high extractivity index is currently occurring. The present work shows that there is currently a shortage of specific botanical studies on Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, information on the physiology and ecology of these plants is of extreme importance for the development of effective cultivation techniques outside the north region, seeking to reduce this extractivity. Data on the origin and use of ayahuasca will also be provided in this research and medical and pharmacological research already carried out.