Ayahuasca is a drink with psychoactive effects rich in dimethyltryptamine and beta-carbolines, which have action on the serotonergic system, acting on different neural substrates involved in the act of awakening, sensory perception, emotion and important cognitive functions such as memory, self-consciousness, time perception, speech, semiotic, mental images, among others. Its preparation is made from the cooking plant species Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, whose tea has been used by Brazilian religiosities in the practice of prophesy, divination, veneration and for medicinal purposes, and is known in Brazil by the names of Hoasca, Vegetable or Daime. By its particular action on the serotonergic neurotransmission system, involved in many psychopathologies, studies have pointed out several possibilities of therapeutic use of ayahuasca, particularly in the treatment of drug abuse and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of continued use of ayahuasca on mental health of religious ayahuasqueros. Tests were used to access the occurrence of symptoms related to stress, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and alcohol and tobacco uses. We also investigated the expression of the self-consciousness through the rumination-reflection questionnaire and the deterioration of mechanisms of visual perception and attention through the manual line bisection test. We studied three different groups about their worldviews and that’s ayahuasca is used within their belief systems to achieve altered states of consciousness with sacred intentions, these being: the Santo Daime, the União do Vegetal and the Sociedade Panteísta Ayahuasca (Ayahuasca Pantheist Society). The results showed that religious ayahuasqueros presented levels of use of alcohol and tobacco far below than is observed in national epidemiological studies. Additionally, there was not observed a significant event or pathological frame of stress, anxiety, hopelessness and depression in this population nor deleterious effects on visual perception and attentional mechanisms. The studies revealed that the self-rumination factor was positively correlated with psychopathological indices indicating mediation by this self-conscious activity with mental health problems. In all religious groups were observed elevated selfreflection instead of rumination, with pantheists more reflective. Results observed indicate the existence of stressors in the sample of Santo Daime, however, without adverse effects. In conclusion, the results confirm what has been reported in the literature and suggest that the ritual use of ayahuasca does not promote negative effects or deterioration on their users, with positive impacts on mental health. However, in this study it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship to time of use of tea in the good results, which leads us to suggest the existence of sociocultural variables that should influence the mechanisms related to wellbeing and mental health, here not measured. Future studies aimed at controlled investigation for the treatment of psychopathology and drug addiction with the use of ayahuasca should be conducted, with particular relevance to the contexts of use as well, should be further developed investigations into the effects of the tea on the mechanisms of self-consciousness. Keywords: Psychedelics. Psychopathology. Self-consciousness. Rumination. Reflection.