Drawing on the use of a therapeutic ritual performed in some large cities, whereby people are cured through the consumption of a psychoactive drink called ayahuasca, the article The Legitimacy and Legality of Contemporary Uses of 'Ayahuasca': A Case Study discusses the issue of legitimacy and legality of the clinical mechanisms which have arisen upon such use of this traditionally "indigenous" drink. With this example we can observe how different actors deploy different arguments and lines of thinking in relation to the legitimacy and legality of these new practices. This particular case of contemporary use of ayahuasca demonstrates how the popularization of this drink and its use for recreational, therapeutic or spiritual purposes represents a complex problem.