Hallucinogenic plants have been used in primitive societies for centuries, but so far their use has been limited to some Shaman individuals, sorcerers, etc. In recent years, new natural hallucinogenic hallucinogenic has emerged in the recreational drug market. They are thus part of a movement back to the nature that is increasingly popular. Their provision on the Internet enables the spread of these substances and has only accelerated this recent emergence. Among these natural hallucinogens, ayahuasca is a beverage that is experiencing a new boom in Europe and the United States. Western tourism, attracted by the ayahuasca sessions described by their followers as a positive trance experience favouring introspection, has developed strongly in the Amazon basin in recent years. Thus tolerated in some countries, ayahuasca has been classified as amazing in France since 2007 because it contains dimethyltryptamine (DMT). This thesis is therefore intended to make a bibliographical review of the current knowledge about this mysterious drink. In a first part, we will discuss its method of development and above all the botanical characteristics of the different plants that make up it. Then in the second part, we will deal with pharmacological aspects by detailing the chemical constituents, their modes of action and their effects. This part will also provide an opportunity to discuss possible toxicity and legal status. Finally, we will conclude by reviewing the uses of ayahuasca in a third part. We will see that this beverage is traditionally used by the Shamans of the Indian tribes of Amazon for a divinatory purpose or as a therapeutic tool. But a fashion around this “sacred plant” leads to drifts denounced in France by authorities such as MIVILUDES (Interministerial Mission of Vigilance and Fight Against Sectary Drives). Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage used for nearly two thousand five hundred years by native groups in the Amazon region. It is usually obtained by decorating two plants: Banisteriopsis caapi, a giant bine of the family Malphigiaceae and Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae). The hallucinogenic effect of ayahuasca is due to dimethyltryptamine, which is made possible by the inhibitory effect of the β-carbolines MonoAmines Oxidase (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmin). Historically used by Shamans for divinatory or therapeutic purposes, this beverage has been a source of enthusiasm in our Western societies for some years, carried by the New-Age movement.