This Research Titled "Study Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological From The Main Aromatic Species Used In Ceremonias Ayahuasca For The Race Huarayo (Puerto Maldonado). Study is a prospective, descriptive - analytic, whose purpose is epistemic. Was carried out during the years 2011-2012. Fieldwork for the study ethnobotany, ethnopharmacological, was based on the collection of knowledge and use of fragrances used in ayahuasca ceremonias, using surveys and interviews with shamans Ayahuasqueros. We identified 17 plant species as raw material of odoriferous preparations. According to the ethnopharmacological study - not only described the feedstock of fragrances, also referred ayahuasqueros shamans conditions that are treated using these medicinal plants being the following: Bone pajn, headache, cold. Use as an aphrodisiac and repellent is also mentioned, being the most commonly used route of administration extemal. lt was also found that more species are used fresh and most widely used method of preparation is the maceration (plating), and the most commonly used species are the leaves. In interviews with the Shamans, we collected information about the rituals and beliefs of the community. Among which mentioned: Scares, cleaning and damage spells, puzangas, domínate your enemies. In qualitative chromatographic analysis were used dichloromethane extracts of the 4 plants used in aromatic preparations. Were subjected to analysis by gas chromatography, obtaining: The instant Mansoa alliaceae "Garlic Sacha" is attributed to the presence of particular organic sulfides dipropyl disulfide (10.8%) dialtyl disulfide (1.6%), disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl (1.3%). In Petiveria alliacea "Mucura" major compounds are: scualene (23.04%), phytol (1-5.62%). Eleuthenne bulbosa "Piri Piri", the main compounds are Hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (12.54%), Benzene, 1,1 '-sulfonylbis [4-chloro (10.48%). Anthurium manuanum "Sacha Bufeo" major compounds are: 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (88.03%), a compound NI (unidentified), with a retention time 56,082 (2.95%). Keywords: Aromatic plants, odoriferoús preparations, ayahuasca, ethnobotarnical study, ethnopharmacological study, fragrance, chromatographic analysis.