By the analysis of the “non-representation” of flora in the Aguada iconography from Northwestern Argentina, we explore ideas that invite us to reject naturalistic interpretations. Such interpretations imply an application of categories generated by modernity on non-Western material records. We propose to re-think representations by taking account ambiguity and multi-referentiality, as weel as to discuss interpretations of some relevant elements of the Aguada imagery. Key words: Plants, representation, Anadenanthera, jaguar, Aguada, Northwestern Argentina