This paper presents a methodological proposal for analysis of rock motifs following ethnographic studies and current cases of the use of psychoactive breeding in Western Amazonia, such as Ayahuasca. Our main objective tends to link the studies of iconographic representations with an interdisciplinary interpretation methodology proposed by Hodder (1998), designed for social contexts from a ritual and symbolic perspective. We will start from a comprehensive bibliographic survey on iconographic interpretation in the most representative sites of the Olympic NOA – the La Tunita de Ancasti site and the Hualfin Valley (Catamarca) – and we will integrate this information as a complement to the ethnographic studies that took place in Brazil. From this investigation we propose lines of evidence that can be addressed from an interpretative perspective at the local level. The methodology used includes the bibliographic survey of published works and ethnographic studies critically analysed, iconographic analysis, obtaining and analysing results for interpretation. Finally, the preparation of the final report. The cases studied allow us to infer some patterns of the religious character of the representations: they are planned contexts, previously agreed guidelines with leaders who guide during the sessions. The experiences described by participants account for travel and places to foreign geographical contexts where interactions with zoomorphs and anthropomorphs characters are occurring, vision of geometric figures in dynamic attitudes and characters that produce unpleasant supernatural forces and unrest. We can learn about behavior in altered states of consciousness and its correlate in rock representations throughout the Argentine Northwest, as many of them possess a large population of flora with psychoactive properties that is reflected in their archaeological contexts (e.g. cebil) and would be a good example to apply the methodology set out.