Based on a fieldwork at Vegetal feitios [preparations] at UDV, I’ve noticed that the effects of the Hoasca are not exclusively attributed to Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) present in psychotria Viridis and in the β-Carboline of Banisteriopsis Caapi, but to the mutual learning between human and Vegetal intelligences. This conception is close to indigenous ones, to whom ayahuasca is seen as a Being whose therapeutic action depends on relations among human beings and between them and other beings. Recent studies in neurosciences, on the other hand, indicates that ayahuasca is a prominent antidepressant of the new generation of cerebral monoamines and its antidepressant effects are evaluated based in the alterations caused by the interaction of DMT/ betacarboline and three neurotransmitters: serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. The aim is to trace differences between those notions of ayahuasca, substance and health, reflecting with Ingold’s and Matthew Ratcliffe’s works, in order to outline an ecological approach of antidepressant effects experienced with ayahuasca. Concerning ayahuasca as an antidepressant, I raise the following questions: What are the limits of this biochemical characterization of ayahuasca and depression? What are the possible consequences of the dissociation of the ayahuasca effects of its spiritual/therapeutic contexts? To what extent this dissociation shortens reflexive effects of learning among humans and plants as it privileges the interaction between substances as the cause of therapeutic benefits? Keywords: Ayahuasca, neurosciences, depression, learning