This essay aims to reflect on cultural and ethnological phenomena consistent with amerindian knowledge and perspectives on the use of entheogenic substances, especially, the ayahuasca drink, whose cultural matrices rest in indigenist contexts, since pre-columbian times. Likewise, we aim to talk about healers vegetalist in rural and urban areas phenomena, where we check techniques of healing and witchcraft in line with catholicism and european esotericism, in modalities allusive to the mythical and ritualistic reinterpretation of the consumption of "plants of power". Finally, we will indicate how such knowledges are re-signified in the light of contemporary south american models, allowing the dialogue between doctors, psychologists and shamans for the treatment of subjects affected by drug addiction.