Objective. This article aims to reflect on the psychopharmacology of yaje, the shamanic system Kamëntsá and urban neochamanisms, analyzing the modified states of consciousness and their relationship with processes of symbolic production. Methodology. An extensive bibliographic, ethnographic and theoretical review was carried out, supported by ethnographic data collected in field stays among the indigenous Kamëntsá of the department of Putumayo and in the different Neochamanic groups of the city of Medellín (Colombia). Results and conclusion. The yaje is an entheogenic brew that induces profound changes in consciousness, allowing the obtainment of holotropic/dialogical experiences that activate dynamic processes of meaning production or mythopoiesis, which have in turn led to diverse forms of decolonization of thought, manifest at the same time within the symbolic system of traditional Kamëntsá shamanism as in the processes of resignification of indigenous knowledge and traditions within the new urban shamanisms.