This article aims to understand the Yawanawa cultural revitalization from an historical and ethnological reflection that focus on the development of the relations between the indigenous and non-indigenous. This process goes from the occupation of large Amazon basins in search of rubber and the first contacts between indigenous and migrant population to the actuality, with the guarantee of territorial rights and the work of non-governmental institutions in favor of indigenous peoples. From the Yawa Festival, an event celebrating the Yawanawa culture where there is nonindigenous participation, the analysis will focus on the dialogue between interethnic relations, culture, and identity.