Seeking to generate a deeper methodological and theoretical dialogue between botanical science and anthropology, this paper summarizes interdisciplinary approaches to human-plant interactions we have described as “sensory ecology” and “phytoethnography,” applying these concepts to vital questions about human-plant relations in Amazonia. Building on this work, we broaden the scope of our investigations by considering their relevance to the field of historical ecology. In particular, we discuss Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s concept of “multinaturalism” and explore how it can be applied to understanding indigenous management and domestication of forest landscapes in Amazonia. Keywords: Amazonia, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, historical ecology, landscape domestication, perspectival multinaturalism.