This article analyzes the healing practices of the Shipibo-Conibo, an indigenous group in the Peruvian Amazon. The healers combine healing techniques with musical performance. The Shipibo-Conibo’s understanding of medicine includes corrections of cultural and social processes, which, from a Western perspective, are not considered medical problems as such. Using qualitative methods and applying an ethnomusicological perspective, this article presents a case study featuring several Shipibo-Conibo healers and patients of distinct cultural origins from the Western Amazon in Peru. By means of in-depth analysis of several healing methods used by Shipibo-Conibo healers, I first examine their respective diagnoses, treatments, and interpretations of disorders from a Western and emic point of view. More specifically, I propose an analysis of the songs, highlighting their effects in different settings. Secondly, I analyze emic views of the healing events to demonstrate alternative understandings of healing and medicine. Thirdly, I discuss methodological questions that arise in this research context. For example, I investigate to what extent theories of music perception may explain the observed processes as opposed to emic interpretations. Finally, the article discusses the importance and consequences of an intra-cultural analysis for the scientific understanding of medicine. Keywords: Amazonia – Shipibo-Conibo – music and therapy – ethnomusicology – Peru