This chapter and the stories it contains are based on the fieldwork for my doctoral dissertation (Moeller, 2010) which took place on the fringe of the north-western Amazon region, in the Andean-Amazonian nation of Ecuador 2006-2008. My work was mainly with the Kichwa-speaking Napo Runa who inhabit the watershed areas of the upper Napo River. All names have been changed to preserve anonymity. As this chapter has illustrated, the value of traditional knowledge – and its concomitant understanding of threat and need for protection – can take a variety of forms, all of which express people’s real concerns. The discourse and practice of such initiatives as ProBenefit have the effect of silencing the diversity of values and making the protection of traditional knowledge commensurable with the global market economy. Yet without the legal, political, economic, cultural and philosophical recognition of the values of indigenous people, and especially without the value conflicts arising from such recognition, the ‘protection of traditional knowledge’ amounts to nothing more than a charade.