The traditional knowledge of the Amazon has preserved a particular shamanic ritual linked to the intake of the drink obtained from the decotion of aerial parts of Ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi). The meeting of this practice with the phytochemical study of substances contained in the extracts of this liana has generated a waterfall of pharmacological-clinical investigations that have opened promising squares to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying some important pathologies of modernity (depression, neurodegenerative pathologies, drug addiction, cancer forms), helping to open up true new frontiers for them.