In conclusion, both the scientific literature existing to date on acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca and the studies in which ayahuasca has been used as a therapeutic tool in psychiatric population, show that the decoction or admixture is physiologically and psychologically safe and, additionally, that it has interesting therapeutic potentials. The main medical conditions for which ayahuasca is being studied (mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases) currently lack effective treatments. Added to the wide safety profile of ayahuasca, this fact justifies future studies to provide information on its clinical efficacy.