In the first place, it is very important to acknowledge that the research carried out by Oliveira et al. (2010) is very relevant, not only because it is the first scientific evidence of harm derived from chronic ayahuasca consumption in the pregnant rat, but also because this is a very relevant question to investigate, since ayahuasca is also consumed by pregnant women, like in the Brazilian ayahuasca religious groups. Nevertheless, it is also very important to consider with caution the possible relevance of preclinical data to the ‘‘real world,’’ human, ritual use of ayahuasca. Based on these data, it can be suggested that the data about the higher doses used in the study by Oliveira et al. does not seem to be especially relevant for the human, ritual consumption of ayahuasca, especially regarding the pattern of ayahuasca consumption by pregnant women. In this context, it would be risky to extrapolate data derived from the daily administration of ayahuasca to pregnant rats during almost their entire pregnancy period (gestational days 6–20 [organogenic and fetal development period]), to the ritual, human pattern of ayahuasca consumption. As far as could be observed in field observations, it is not a common practice that pregnant women take ayahuasca daily, during all their pregnancy, in the context of the human, ritual use of ayahuasca. In conclusion, the article in question is the first evidence of toxic effects of chronic ayahuasca administration to pregnant rats. Nevertheless, the results appear to be of limited relevance to the ‘‘real world,’’ human, ritual consumption of ayahuasca, and much more research is needed before making accurate assessments and statements about the real possible toxicity of ayahuasca to pregnant women and their children. It is urgent to replicate these findings in different species, with distinct doses, and with rates of administration that resemble more closely the human pattern of ayahuasca consumption by pregnant women.