Private self-consciousness refers to the functional level of consciousness where the focus of attention is turned to intangible events, such as thoughts, feelings, sensation and perception, values, goals, beliefs, memories, and so forth, i.e., to the internal factors that relate the self to itself. Self-focus can be directed either to the negative aspects of the self /self-rumination), promoting anxiety, or to the positive ones (self-reflection), producing pleasure and well-being (Morin, 2002a). For some time now, researchers have attempted to establish a relationship between personality traits pertaining to self-conscious activities and various elements of mood, behavior and mental health (Trapnell & Campbell, 1999). Indeed, studies have shown that self-rumination is associated to psychopathologies, acting as a mediator in the occurrence of anxiety and depression. In a recent investigation, it was found that the participants of three Brazilian syncretic religions (namely, Santo Daime, União do Vegetal, and Sociedade Panteísta Ayahuasca) that make use of the psychedelic drink Ayahuasca, which is known to influence conciousness, presented low score on measures of psychopathology (Escobar, 2013). In that study, religious ayahuasqueros (n=110) were submitted to several psychometric instruments, including Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms, Beck’s Anxiety and Hopelessness Indexes, CES-D Depression Scale, Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire, Manual Line Bisection Test, and Social Skills Inventory. The results obtained showed that, overall, the participants as displayed a good level of mental health, though those belonging to the Santo Daime group showed statistically higher results when compared to the other groups (but still not in a level indicative of psychopathology). For the present study, it was hypothesized that personality traits may be involved in the results of the study from Escobar (2013), particularly relating to the operation of self-consciousness. Therefore, the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire was applied to those same participants in order to explore the mediating role of self-rumination and self-reflection on the results obtained in the study by Escobar (2013). In order to investigate the relationships between the various empirical scales with the variable of interest, the Similarity Structure Analysis (SSA) was used on the resulting data, treating belongin to of the three ayahuasqueros groups with the "external variables as points" technique. The results yielded a scalogram taht, interpreted by means of Facet Theory, showed a polar structure evidencing that all the religious groups had elevated values of self-reflection, but the Santo Daime group had the highest elevated values of self-rumination. These findings support the hypothesis that the functioning of one’s self-consciousness is a personality trait that has a mediating role in the emergence of psychopathologies.