The aim of this contribution is to present drug policy of the EU member countries in relation to ayahuasca consumption. Ayahuasca is brew made from Banisteriopis caapi vine and Psychotria viridis bush and belongs to traditional preparation of Amazonian medicine. Banisteriopis caapi contains beta-carboline alcaloids (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine). The main effective substance in Psychotria viridis is dimethyltriptamine. The contribution informs on the legal status of these substances in the EU. Also, it includes explanations of controversial parts in legislation in relation to ayahuasca consumption. Finally, the contribution mentions organisations which deal with the protection of traditional Amazonian medicine users and research in this area. Key words: ayahuasca, traditional Amazonian medicine, drug policy, European Union