The present chapter has been written from an anthropological, decolonial and feminist approach. It is also robustly oriented toward the building of theoretical enquiry through the labor of ethnographic fieldwork. We present here four critiques of the emergent field of Amazonian Ayahuasca Shamanism, utilizing the approaches of several different fields of knowledge, such as gender studies, religious studies, medical anthropology, and studies on shamanism. We present the construction of the idea of a “Male-Shaman-WhoHeals-With-Ayahuasca” as a myth that holds a strong political meaning in the context of power relationships between people mediated by plants. We expose the four nodes that interweave within the concept above as being: 1) the male, 2) the shaman, 3) the one who heals, and 4) the ayahuasca. Firstly, we evaluate the over-representation of the masculine gender in the field. Secondly, we discuss the limits of the concept of “shamanism” as a tool for grasping the actual reality of the Peruvian curanderos. Thirdly, we analyze the over-focalization by current studies in the field on the therapeutic aspects of ayahuasca, an over-focalization that fails to represent the local diversity of uses of this plant, such as witchcraft, production of diseases, and spells. Finally, we argue that ayahuasca is far from being at the core of the traditional health system in the Peruvian Amazon Lowlands.