In this article, we have looked at the use of the psychedelic vine, Ayahuasca, in Mestizo healing ceremonies in the Peruvian city of Iquitos. As Friedberg pointed out in 1965, it is interesting to note the transformation that have taken place in the utilization of this substance in acculturative situations. The use of Ayahuasca in Amazonic Indian groups, with great ritual feasts or else the general restriction of the use of Ayahuasca to the shaman has virutally disappeared. Yet despite the superficial admixture of modern medicine, primitive folk beliefs concerning etiology of disease and its cure show the psychedelic liana, Ayahuasca, to an be integral part of healing procedures, permitting the curer to determine the magical cause of illness and to neutralize evil magic. Cultural syndromes of illness have been delineated to focus upon the type of illness that occupies the Ayahuasquero. The importance of cultural expectations as paramount in determining visual illusions was discussed. In conclusion, we can say that the powerful healing vine, Ayahuasca, is used quite differently than in Western drug-adjuncted psychotherapy where attempts to open up areas of repressed and painful memories have been made, or else long-term psycholytic therapy with drugs, involving long periods of treatment are involved. Most Ayahuasca healers see patients in a drug session for a relatively shor tperiod of time, ranging in treatment time from once to twice a month or so. Anxiety and stress which are constant companions of most junglle peasants, can reach intolerable levels so that the drug healer receives a call to ameliorate acute symptoms. It is in these ritual, jungle magical healing rites that Ayahuasca receives its most varied elaboration - entering into the realm of tenuous, uneasy interpersonal relations and acting as a restorer of equilibrium in difficult situations.