A number of species of Banisteriopsis are used in South America for the preparation of hallucinogenic beverages [1]. One of these, Banisteriopsis inebrians has been shown to contain the alkaloid harmine [2, 3] and possibly harmaline [3 lDuring the investigation of this plant for the possible occu:fence of other alkaloids, 455 g of ground stem was made alkaline with an ammonia-aicohol-ether mixture and extracted with chloroform in a Soxhlet apparatus. The combined chloroform extracts were reduced to about t liter by distillation, causing the precipitation of some alkaloidal material which was removed by filtration. Remaining alkaloidal material was removed by shaking with several portions of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. The alkaloidal fraction was retained for further investigation. The chIoroform fraction, from which the alkaioids had been removed, was evaporated to dryness, picked up in a minimum of chloroform, and placed on a Florist1 column. The coIumn was eluted with chloroform. 30 ml fractions being collected. When evaporated to dryness, fractions 27--160 each contained a small amount of semi-crystalline material slightly contaminated with a yellow pigment. The fractions were combined and recrystalIized several times from hot methano[ to yield 402 mg of white, needleshaped crystals. This material is caffeine. A search of the literature indicates that no pharmacological investigation has been carried out which might indicate any interaction of the effects of the carboline alkaloids and a xanthine compound. It is interesting to speculate whether a CNS stimulant such as caffeine might enhance the hallucinogenic effects of harmine or harmaline.